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''Solanum rostratum'' is a species of nightshade (genus ''Solanum'') that is native to the United States and northern and central Mexico.〔 Common names include buffalobur nightshade, buffalo bur, spiny nightshade, Colorado bur, Kansas thistle, Mexican thistle, and Texas thistle. It is an annual, self-compatible herb that forms a tumbleweed.〔 page 477〕 Individual plants reach tall, have once or twice pinnatified leaves(see image of leaf), and abundant spines on the stems and leaves. It produces yellow flowers with pentagonal corollas in diameter and weakly bilaterally symmetric (see flower-closeup image).〔Whalen, M.D. 1979. Taxonomy of Solanum section Androceras. Gentes Herbarum 11: 359-426.〕 In its native range ''S. rostratum'' is pollinated by medium- to large-sized bees including bumblebees.〔Bowers, K.A.W. 1975. The pollination ecology of Solanum rostratum (Solanaceae). American Journal of Botany 62: 633-638.〕 ''Solanum rostratum'' flowers exhibit heteranthery, i.e. they bear two sets of anthers of unequal size, possibly distinct colouration, and divergence in ecological function between pollination and feeding.〔Vallejo-Marin, M., Manson, J.S., Thomson, J.D. and Barrett, S.C.H. 2009. Division of labour within flowers: Heteranthery, a floral strategy to reconcile contrasting pollen fates. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 22: 828-839.〕 The fruit, a berry, is enclosed by a prickly calyx. The seeds are released when the berries dry and dehisce (split apart) while still attached to the plant. This species represents one of the latter scientific interests of famed biologist Charles Darwin, who just over a week prior to his death had ordered seeds from a colleague in America, so as to investigate their heteranthery, a topic he was interested in.〔Buchmann, S.L. (1983) Buzz pollination in angiosperms. In: Jones, C.E. and Little, R.J. eds. Handbook of experimental pollination biology. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. pp. 73-113〕 ''Solanum rostratum'' is the ancestral host plant of the Colorado potato beetle, ''Leptinotarsa decemlineata'', but this pest adopted the potato, ''Solanum tuberosum'' as a new (and more succulent) host, a fact first reported in eastern Nebraska in 1859. It then expanded its range rapidly eastward on potato crops in the next two decades.〔Riley CV. 1876. ''Potato Pests''. New York, Orange Judd Co., 108pp.〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Solanum rostratum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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